John Tu
Net Worth: $5.8 Billion
Wealth Origin: Kingston Technology
Place of Birth: Chungking, China
Education: Bachelor of Arts/Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt
Introduction
Stumble into the right Orange County restaurant, on the right night, and you may not know it but you could be watching self-made billionaire, John Tu jamming out on stage with his band JT and California Dreamin’.
Get hired by his tech company, Kingston Technology, and you may wake up one day to a Los Angeles Times headline screaming: Holiday Bonus For Workers: $100 million!
Great, another tech genius who the average person can’t relate to. Except, there’s just one problem with that notion because John Tu didn’t know anything about technology when he started Kingston. Also, he was a notoriously horrible student growing up.
His life spent in the glimmering suburbs of Southern California’s Orange County is a far cry from where his story began. He was born in China amidst the chaos of a raging Civil War. As a result of his father being on the losing end of such a bitter conflict, John Tu fled to Taiwan with his family.
He wore the status “Refugee” before that of “Billionaire.”
Early Life
Childhood
John Tu describes his childhood in an interview with Fortune:
“I was born in Chongqing, China, and our family moved to Shanghai in 1945, where my father worked for the Nationalist Chiang Kai-shek government. After two years the civil war in China was getting close to Shanghai, so we moved to Taiwan.”
Chinese Civil War
John’s father worked as a Minister of Cultural Affairs. For further context, China’s Civil War was raging before the Japanese invaded upon the onset of World War II. Both sides were forced to work together to some degree to fend off the Japanese, however, there is documentation of fighting continuing despite the momentary truce.
Chiang Kai-Shek’s government preached democracy, freedoms, and capitalism while Mao Zedong’s Communist Party of China promised poor farmers their own land and more help from the government.
Because the Nationalist government was internationally recognized as the official heads of state, they were obligated to use the vast majority of their men to defend the cities from the Japanese invasion.
Meanwhile, Mao Zedong’s troops clung to the countrysides initiating gorilla-war type tactics upon the enemy (at times both the Nationalist Government and Japanese). By the time the allies won the war, the Nationalists Government had suffered severe casualties in their ranks as they did most of the fighting.
The communist’s power actually grew in comparison as they were able to avoid the larger battles, being in the rural areas, and foster relationships with everybody they encountered. They made promises of essentially fixing every part of the poor man’s life but especially assured giving people their own land to grow crops on. Not to mention, they had the support of Stalin’s Soviet Union.
How it Ended
As soon as the Japanese were defeated, the Civil War proceeded.
President of The United States of America, Harry Truman, even went so far as to help the Nationalist Government by stalling the retreat of Japan from China.
He kept the Japanese troops in place while also flying in Nationalist soldiers in order to avoid the communists taking over the land in the event it was left unprotected.
The war raged on until October 1st, 1949 when Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Chiang Kai-Shek, along with all those affiliated with the Nationalist Party (including John Tu’s father) were forced to flee to Taiwan.
Mao Zedong would go on to earn credit for conducting the “Greatest Mass Murder in the History of the World.” The Washington Post estimates the death toll to be somewhere around the 30 million people mark, possibly more.
In addition, the People’s Republic of China today routinely conducts human rights abuses, doesn’t allow “freedom of speech,” heavily censors what its citizens can and cannot learn, and unfortunately, this list could go on forever…
Leader of China’s Nationalist Government, Chiang Kai-shek.
In the aftermath, Chiang Kai-Shek writes in his diary, “After the fall of Kaifeng our conditions worsened and became more serious. I now realized that the main reason our nation has collapsed, time after time throughout our history, was not because of superior power used by our external enemies, but because of disintegration and rot from within.”
Obviously, this is an extremely condensed summary of the Chinese Civil War, a conflict from which one could write volumes of literature concerning the events that took place. I encourage everybody to look further into the matter as it demonstrates an important lesson that history seems to continually remind us:
It is the individual who is responsible for producing their own happiness, as soon as one relinquishes such responsibility to another person or entity they do so by also forfeiting their own personal freedoms.
Refugee in Taiwan
Fleeing the fate of such despair, John Tu found himself a refugee sailing to Taiwan with the rest of his family. Life in Taiwan would prove to be somewhat tumultuous.
As an adolescent, Chinese American Heroes (CAH) reports that “John was characterized to be rebellious and seen as a problematic student in the eyes of his teachers, and as his teachers turned their backs on him, he too did the same to his studies. By high school, John would regularly cut class and eventually ended up not going to school altogether.”
His parents caught wind of his behavior after receiving a report card filled with failing grades. When they confronted John with their concerns, John angrily expressed his absolute disdain for the educational system as a whole. Shockingly, his parents accepted his perspective.
Tu adds, “we speak Mandarin, and had to get used to the Taiwan dialect. I felt totally lost at school.” He wasn’t sure of much at the time, however, there was one thing he had unequivocal faith in – AMERICA.
In testimony, in front of the United States Senate Committee on Immigration, he told them, “My experience brought me to the conclusion that in the U.S. one can be anything he wants.” Later on in life, he’d visit his sister in Boston and come to the conclusion, “right then that I would find a way to make my home in America.”
Just after high school, as a frustrated youth back in Taiwan, he applied for a Visa to the United States and got denied.
Struggling in Germany
In making his next move, he says, “I had an uncle in Germany who owned a Chinese restaurant, so after graduating from high school in 1960, I went there.
I knew how to speak a few sentences in English, but no German. After several weeks I went out on the street to find someone who spoke English.
A biker led me to an old priest who had lived in China, and he sent me to a language school in Munich.”
Similar to Benjamin Franklin leaving Boston for Philadelphia or Elon Musk going from South Africa to Canada – and eventually to the United States.
At times, one may find it necessary to leave behind everything they ever knew for the sure promise of opportunity.
While only bearing a determined heart, Tu first stepped forth into the world willing to discard all that his life was for the slightest chance at all that his life could be.
He started off working as a cook at his uncle’s Chinese restaurant. His ultimate goal though was to become an engineer. This would require attending engineering school in Germany, which in and of itself required an apprenticeship of two years in the field before even being able to apply.
A Small Loft Without A Shower
He saught help from a local church, CAH notes that “the church helped John land an apprenticeship at a shipyard, but John was mocked by his German co-workers with racist comments for the next two years. His living circumstances during this time weren’t much better. The weather was harsh and he lived in a small loft that had no
bathroom and shower.”
While at the ship-building factory, Tu says, “The foreman looked at me as cheap labor, and I had to tough it out.”
Tu continues, “those two years were crucial in my life. German society is very homogeneous. There were few foreigners, and they were called Ausländers, implying second-class citizens. When I wanted to rent a room, no one wanted a foreigner.
The apartment I found had no hot water. Every day the landlady would put a bucket of water in front of my door. Overnight it would freeze, and I’d have to break the ice to wash my face.
Later, when I had challenges with Kingston, I would think, ‘Compared to that time in my life, this is nothing.‘”
College
Upon completing his apprenticeship, John enrolled in engineering courses at the University of Darmstadt. This time around, he was sure to complete his education!
The summer before graduating, he visited his sister in America. She earned her citizenship in the process of marrying a U.S. citizen she had met in Taiwan and was living in Boston at the time. While there, John took up part-time work as a cook at a restaurant.
It didn’t take long for him to notice the night and day difference between how he was treated in Germany versus in America. The trip confirmed every notion he had come to love about the country. This is when he decided that come hell or high water, he would do whatever it’d take to live in America.
That fateful summer ended, and John returned to Germany to finish up his schooling.
Becoming an American
According to Tu, “After getting my degree in electrical engineering, I went to work for Motorola in Wiesbaden, Germany. In 1970 my sister agreed to petition for me to become a U.S. citizen. She moved to Arizona, where I was hoping to get a job with Motorola.”
Rather, when he arrived in Arizona he found no job, no financial stability, and his first marriage ended. With nothing more to lose, he decided to take a shot at opening his own business.
An American Dream
Gift Shop
Tu explains, “the economy was bad, and I couldn’t get an interview, so I decided to be entrepreneurial. I opened a gift shop in Scottsdale, and it worked. I sold things imported from China, but after two years I had no savings. The biggest expense was the rent, so I decided to be a landlord.”
The gift shop business was barely breaking even. While he surely learned a lot from the venture, he realized it was time to try something new. What sounded good to him was collecting rent, rather than paying it!
Albert Einstein: The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results.
The Adaptable Entrepreneur
Especially concerning one’s first entrepreneurial venture. It’s easy to get caught up, trapped almost, in the idea that we have to stick to that one thing. It’s actually a scary place to be; having told everybody in your life about how much you love doing “x,” only to tell them you’re now in love with “y.”
It doesn’t seem consistent. Why should they believe you now if in a year or so it’ll just be something else?
In reality, it is consistent to switch things up. It’s being consistent with yourself. There’s only one thing we ought to be aiming to appease in this life and that is our own personal happiness – not the opinions of others.
Ron Shaich owned a cookie shop before going all-in on Panera. Richard Branson has launched over 400 companies using the “Virgin” brand name.
Ray Kroc fell short on one business idea after another before coming across McDonald’s and growing it into the monster it is today.
Elon Musk started Paypal, Tesla, Solar City, and Space X; His first business was selling video games he coded as a kid in South Africa.
John Turner — Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2
John Napier Wyndham Turner PC CC QC (June 7, 1929 – September 19, 2020) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Canada from June to September 1984. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and leader of the Official Opposition from 1984 to 1990.
Turner practised law before being elected as a member of Parliament in the 1962 federal election.
He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as minister of justice and attorney general from 1968 to 1972, and minister of finance from 1972 to 1975.
As a cabinet minister, Turner came to be known as a leader of the Business Liberal faction of the Liberal Party. Amid a global recession and the prospect of having to implement unpopular wage and price controls, Turner resigned from his position in 1975.
From 1975 to 1984, Turner took a hiatus from politics, working as a corporate lawyer in Bay Street. Trudeau's resignation in 1984 triggered a leadership election, in which Turner successfully contested.
Turner held the office of prime minister for just 79 days, as he advised the governor general to dissolve Parliament immediately after being sworn in.
He went on to lose the 1984 election in a landslide to Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives, leading the Liberals to the second-worst defeat for a governing party at the federal level (in terms of proportion of seats).
Turner stayed on as Liberal leader and led the Opposition for the next six years. In the 1988 election, he vigorously campaigned against Mulroney's proposed free trade agreement with the United States, and led the Liberals to a modest recovery. Turner resigned as party leader in 1990 and did not seek re-election in 1993.
Turner was Canada's first prime minister born in the United Kingdom since Mackenzie Bowell in 1896, Canada's second shortest-serving prime minister behind Charles Tupper, and Canada's fourth longest-lived prime minister, living to the age of 91.
Early life
Turner was born on June 7, 1929,[1][2] in Richmond, Surrey, England (now a part of London), to Leonard Hugh Turner, an English journalist,[3] and Phyllis Gregory, a Canadian economist.
[4] He had a brother, Michael, born in 1930 (who died shortly after birth), and a sister, Brenda, born in 1931.[5] When Turner's father died in 1932, he and his sister moved to Canada with their Canadian-born mother.
The family settled in her childhood home in Rossland, British Columbia, and later moved to Ottawa.[3]
Turner's mother was loving but demanding of her two children.[5] The family was not wealthy.[3][5] His mother remarried in 1945 to Frank Mackenzie Ross, who later served as Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, and the family relocated to Vancouver.[6]
Education
Turner was educated at Ashbury College and St Patrick's College, Ottawa (senior matriculation).
He enrolled at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1945 at age 16 where he was a member of the UBC chapter of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, and was among Canada's outstanding track sprinters in the late 1940s.
[7][8][9] He held the Canadian record for the men's 100-yard dash and qualified for the 1948 London Olympics, but a bad knee kept him from competing.[10][11] He graduated from UBC with a BA (Honours) in 1949.[6][12][13]
Awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, Turner went on to Magdalen College at the University of Oxford, where he earned a BA, Jurisprudence, 1951; a Bachelor of Civil Law, 1952; and an MA, 1957. He was on the track and field team at Oxford.
One of his teammates was Roger Bannister, who became the first runner to break the four-minute barrier in the mile.[14] At Oxford, Turner was a classmate and friend of future Australian Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser and Bob Hawke, as well as Jeremy Thorpe, future leader of Britain's Liberal Party.
[15][16] He also pursued doctoral studies at the University of Paris from 1952 to 1953.[6]
Relationship with Princess Margaret
On May 19, 1959, at a party hosted by his stepfather, as Lieutenant Governor, to celebrate the opening of the new British Columbia Government House, Turner danced with Princess Margaret,[17] one year his junior.
This was the first time that Turner received significant press attention in Canada; there was considerable speculation about whether the two would become a serious couple.
[18][19] According to letters by Margaret obtained by the Daily Mail, the relationship was more serious than previously thought with the princess writing in one letter, seven years later, that she «nearly married him».
According to contemporary press reports, the relationship caused serious consternation at Buckingham Palace as Turner was a Roman Catholic, and Margaret would have had to forfeit her place in the line of succession to the British throne to marry him.[20]
Brenda confirmed a «very definite attraction» between her brother and the princess, but said that Turner was uninterested in royalty and would not have given up Catholicism.
After meeting Margaret again during her Canadian tour, Turner attended her party at Balmoral Castle in August 1959 where his roommate was Margaret's future husband Antony Armstrong-Jones, and was the only Canadian unofficial guest at their wedding in May 1960.
Turner remained friends with Margaret, he and his wife often meeting the princess in Britain or during official visits to Canada. They attended Margaret's 2002 private funeral and were Canada's official representatives at the memorial service.[21]
Marriage and family
Turner was married on May 11, 1963, to Geills McCrae Kilgour (b.
1937) who was then a systems engineer with IBM,[22] and the great niece of Canadian Army doctor John McCrae, the author of what is probably the best-known First World War poem, «In Flanders Fields», and sister of David Kilgour, a long-time Canadian Member of Parliament.
[3] The Turners have a daughter named Elizabeth and two sons: Michael and Andrew.[16] Their second son, David, died in 2021. The Turner children attended Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa.[23] All three sons attended Upper Canada College, in Toronto.[24]
Early career
Turner practised law, initially with the firm of Stikeman Elliott in Montreal, Quebec.[25] He was elected as Member of Parliament for St. Lawrence—St. George in 1962 and was reelected there in every election until the riding's dissolution in 1968. He was the Member of Parliament for Ottawa—Carleton from 1968 to 1976.[12]
In 1965, while vacationing in Barbados, Turner noticed that former prime minister and Leader of the Opposition John Diefenbaker, staying at the same hotel, was struggling in the strong surf and undertow. Turner, a competitive swimmer while in university, jumped in and pulled Diefenbaker to shore.[26]
Cabinet Minister
Premiership of Lester Pearson
Turner was generally respected for his work as a cabinet minister in the 1960s and 1970s, under prime ministers Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.
He served in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Lester Pearson in various capacities, most notably as Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs. When Pearson retired, Turner ran to succeed him at the 1968 leadership convention.
Turner, at age 38 the youngest of the dozen leadership candidates, stated «My time is now»,[27] and remarked during his speech that he was «not here for some vague, future convention in, say, 1984».
[28] Turner stayed on until the fourth and final ballot, finishing third behind Pierre Trudeau and runner-up Robert Winters.[29]
Premiership of Pierre Trudeau
Turner in 1968
Turner served in Trudeau's cabinet as minister of justice for four years. Biographer Paul Litt argues that Turner was a hard-working, well-informed minister whose success was assured by his warm relationship with his peers.
His achievements, say Litt, included strengthening the rights of individual defendants on trial, greater efficiency in the justice system, creation of the influential Law Reform Commission, selecting highly professional judges, and bringing a policy perspective to the Justice Department.
He led the government's position in the highly controversial Official Languages Act, and he took control during the October Crisis in 1970.[30]
A leader of the Business Liberal faction of the Liberal Party,[31] Turner then served as Minister of Finance from 1972 until 1975.
His challenges were severe in the face of global financial issues such as the 1973 oil crisis, the collapse of the postwar Bretton Woods trading system, slowing economic growth combined with soaring inflation (stagflation), and growing deficits.[32][33] His positions were more conservative than Trudeau's and they drew apart.
In 1975 Turner surprisingly resigned from cabinet.[1] The Liberals had won the 1974 election by attacking Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives over their platform involving wage and price controls.
However, Trudeau decided to implement the wage and price controls in late 1975, so some have suggested that Turner quit rather than carry out that proposal.[34] In a 2013 interview with Catherine Clark on CPAC Turner confirmed his resignation from cabinet was a direct result of refusing to implement wage and price controls, after campaigning against them in 1974.[35]
In his memoirs, Trudeau wrote that Turner said he resigned as Finance Minister in 1975 because he was tired of politics, after 13 years in Ottawa, and wanted to move on to a better-paying job as a lawyer in Toronto, to better support his family and to be with them more, as his children were growing up. Trudeau also suggested that Turner's years as finance minister were very difficult because of turbulent and unusual conditions in the world economy, characterized as stagflation, largely caused by enormous increases in the price of oil.[36]
From 1975 to 1984, Turner worked as a corporate lawyer at the Bay Street law firm McMillan Binch.
[37] When Pierre Trudeau resigned as Liberal leader in 1979 following an election loss, Turner announced that he would not be a candidate for the Liberal leadership.
Trudeau was talked into rescinding his resignation after the government of Joe Clark was defeated by a motion of no confidence, and returned to contest and win the 1980 federal election. Trudeau then served as Prime Minister until 1984.[38]
Prime minister (June–September 1984)
Trudeau retired after polls showed the Liberals faced certain defeat in the next election if he remained in office.[39] Turner then re-entered politics, and defeated Jean Chrétien, his successor as finance minister, on the second ballot of the June 1984 Liberal leadership convention. He was formally appointed prime minister on June 30.
[16] When he was sworn in, Turner was not an MP or senator. Had he wished to have parliament summoned, he would not have been able to appear on the floor of the House of Commons.
He also announced that he would not run in a by-election to get into the Commons, but would instead run in the next general election as the Liberal candidate in the British Columbia riding of Vancouver Quadra.
This was a sharp departure from usual practice, in which the incumbent in a safe seat resigns to allow a newly elected party leader a chance to get into parliament and the seat Turner intended to contest was held by the Tories instead. However, this was part of Turner's strategy to rebuild the Liberals' image in western Canada; at the time, the party held no seats west of Winnipeg.[40]
In his final days of office, Trudeau recommended that Governor General Jeanne Sauvé appoint over 200 Liberals to patronage positions, including senators, judges, and executives on various governmental and crown corporation boards.
The large number of appointments, as well as doubtful qualifications of some appointees, generated a severe backlash across the political spectrum.
[39] Turner then made a further 70 appointments himself, one of Trudeau's conditions for retiring earlier than he had planned.[39]
1984 federal election
On July 9, only nine days after being sworn in, Turner asked Sauvé to dissolve parliament and advised her to call an election for early September.
Turner was persuaded by internal polls that showed the Liberals were ahead of the Tories; after Turner won the leadership his party surged in the polls to take a lead, after trailing by more than 20 percentage points before he was selected.
[39] Progressive Conservative leader Brian Mulroney and other experts had expected Turner to tour Canada during the summer and early autumn, accompanying Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John Paul II on their upcoming visits, and then call the election for later in the autumn.
[39] However, the Liberals' polling data was faulty; they had in fact not polled since May and the situation had since changed, not least because of the public uproar over the patronage appointments. As the campaign unfolded, the Tories and Mulroney, who was fighting his first general election in any capacity, soon took the lead.[39]
Early in the campaign, Turner appeared rusty and old-fashioned.[41] His policies contrasted with Trudeau's and seemed to legitimize the Tory calls for lowering the deficit, improving relations with the United States, cutting the bureaucracy, and promoting more federal-provincial harmony.
He spoke of creating «make work projects»,[1] a discarded phrase from the 1970s that had been replaced by the less patronizing «job creation programs». Turner was also caught on television patting the bottoms of Liberal Party President Iona Campagnolo and Vice-President Lise St.
Martin-Tremblay, causing an uproar among feminists, who saw such behaviour as sexist and condescending.[42]
During the televised leaders' debate, Turner attacked Mulroney over the patronage machine that the latter had allegedly set up in anticipation of victory, comparing it to the Union Nationale governments of Quebec. Mulroney responded by pointing to the raft of patronage appointments made on the advice of Trudeau and Turner.
Turner had the right to advise Sauvé to cancel Trudeau's appointments—advice that she was bound to follow by convention—but failed to do so and added to his own. Mulroney demanded that Turner apologize to the country for what he called «these horrible appointments.» Turner claimed that «I had no option» except to let them stand.
Mulroney responded, «You had an option, sir – to say 'no' – and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party.» He highlighted the Liberals' long record in government and resulting patronage appointments.
[43] Many observers believed that Mulroney clinched the election at this point, as it made Turner look weak and indecisive. Analysts agreed he was «done in by television.»[44]
John Turner — Wikipedia
Джон Напьер Виндхэм Тернер PC CC QC (7 июня 1929-19 сентября 2020) был канадским политиком и юристом, занимал пост 17-го премьер-министра Канады с 30 июня по 17 сентября 1984 года.
Тернер работал в кабинете премьер-министра Пьера Трюдо в качестве министра юстиции с 1968 по 1972 год и министра финансов с 1972 по 1975 год. В условиях глобальной рецессии и перспективы введения непопулярного контроля над заработной платой и ценами Тернер ушел со своей должности в 1975 г.
После перерыва в политике с 1975 по 1984 год Тернер вернулся и успешно оспорил лидерство либералов 1984 года .
Тернер занимал должность премьер — министра в течение 79 дней, второй самый короткий срок пребывания в канадской истории после того, как сэр Чарльз Таппер , как он советовал генерал — губернатору распустить парламент сразу после приведения к присяге и продолжал терять 1984 выборы в оползне на Брайан Малруни «s Прогрессивные консерваторы .
Тернер оставался лидером либералов и возглавлял оппозицию в течение следующих шести лет, что привело его партию к скромному восстановлению на выборах 1988 года . Он ушел с поста лидера либералов в 1990 году и не добивался переизбрания в 1993 году .
Тернер был первым премьер-министром Канады, родившимся в Соединенном Королевстве со времен Маккензи Боуэлла в 1896 году. Он был четвертым премьер-министром по самым долгим срокам жизни, дожившим до 91 года.
Ранние годы
Тернер родился 7 июня 1929 года в Ричмонде, графство Суррей , Англия (ныне часть Лондона ), в семье Леонарда Хью Тернера, английского журналиста, и Филлис Грегори , канадского экономиста.
У него был брат Майкл, родившийся в 1930 году (который умер вскоре после рождения), и сестра Бренда, родившаяся в 1931 году. Когда отец Тернера умер в 1932 году, он и его сестра переехали в Канаду со своей канадской матерью.
Семья поселилась в доме ее детства в Россленде, Британская Колумбия , а затем переехала в Оттаву .
Мать Тернера была любящей, но требовательной к своим двоим детям. Семья была небогатой. Его мать снова вышла замуж в 1945 году за Фрэнка Маккензи Росс , который позже занимал пост вице-губернатора Британской Колумбии , и семья переехала в Ванкувер .
Образование
Тернер получил образование в колледже Эшбери и колледже Святого Патрика в Оттаве (старшая школа).
Он поступил в Университет Британской Колумбии (UBC) в 1945 году в возрасте 16 лет и был одним из выдающихся спринтеров Канады в конце 1940-х годов, получив квалификацию в олимпийской сборной 1948 года.
Он установил канадский рекорд в беге на 100 ярдов среди мужчин , но из-за плохого колена он не смог участвовать в Олимпийских играх 1948 года в Лондоне . Он окончил UBC со степенью бакалавра (с отличием) в 1949 году.
Награжден Стипендия Родса , Тернер продолжал колледж Магдалены в Оксфордском университете , где он получил степень бакалавра, Правоведение, 1951; бакалавр гражданского права , 1952; и степень магистра в 1957 году. Он был членом команды по легкой атлетике в Оксфорде.
Одним из его товарищей по команде был Роджер Баннистер , который стал первым бегуном, преодолевшим четырехминутный барьер на милю. В Оксфорде Тернер был одноклассником и другом будущих премьер-министров Австралии Малькольма Фрейзера и Боба Хоука , а также Джереми Торпа , будущего лидера Либеральной партии Великобритании .
Он также учился в докторантуре Парижского университета с 1952 по 1953 год. Во время учебы в UBC он стал членом братства Бета Тета Пи .
Отношения с принцессой Маргарет
19 мая 1959 года на вечеринке, устроенной его отчимом в качестве вице-губернатора по случаю открытия нового Дома правительства Британской Колумбии , Тернер танцевал с принцессой Маргарет , которая была на год младше его.
Это был первый раз, когда Тернер привлек значительное внимание прессы в Канаде; Было много предположений о том, станут ли эти двое серьезной парой.
Согласно письмам Маргарет, полученным Daily Mail , отношения были более серьезными, чем предполагалось ранее, когда принцесса написала в одном письме семь лет спустя, что она «почти вышла за него замуж».
Согласно сообщениям современной прессы, эти отношения вызвали серьезный ужас в Букингемском дворце, поскольку Тернер был католиком, и Маргарет пришлось бы отказаться от своего места в линии наследования британского престола, чтобы выйти за него замуж.
Бренда подтвердила «очень определенное влечение» между ее братом и принцессой, но сказала, что Тернер не интересовался королевской семьей и не отказался бы от католицизма.
После повторной встречи с Маргарет во время ее турне по Канаде, Тернер посетил ее вечеринку в замке Балморал в августе 1959 года, где его соседом по комнате был будущий муж Маргарет Энтони Армстронг-Джонс , и он был единственным канадским неофициальным гостем на их свадьбе в мае 1960 года .
Тернер оставался друзьями Маргарет, он и его жена часто встречались с принцессой в Великобритании или во время официальных визитов в Канаду. Они присутствовали на частных похоронах Маргарет в 2002 году и были официальными представителями Канады на поминальной службе.
Брак и семья
Тернер был женат на 11 мая 1963 года, в Geills Mccrae Килгура (б.
1937) , который был тогда инженером систем с IBM и большой племянница канадской армии доктора Джона McCrae , автором того , что, вероятно , самый известный Первой мировой Поэма о войне « На полях Фландрии», написанная сестрой Дэвида Килгура , давнего члена парламента Канады .
У Тернеров есть дочь по имени Элизабет и трое сыновей: Дэвид, Майкл и Эндрю. Дети Тернер учились в государственной школе Рокклифф-Парк в Оттаве . Все трое сыновей учились в колледже Верхней Канады в Торонто .
Ранняя карьера
Тернер занимался юридической практикой, первоначально в фирме Stikeman Elliott в Монреале , Квебек. Он был избран членом парламента от Святого Лаврентия — Св. Джордж в 1962 году и до роспуска райдера в 1968 году. Он был членом парламента Оттавы-Карлтона с 1968 по 1976 год.
В 1965 году, отдыхая на Барбадосе , Тернер заметил, что бывший премьер-министр и лидер оппозиции Джон Дифенбейкер , остановившийся в том же отеле, боролся с сильными волнами и подводным течением, а Тернер, будучи конкурентоспособным пловцом во время учебы в университете, прыгнул туда и вытащил Дифенбейкера на берег.
Кабинет Министров
Премьер-лига Лестера Пирсона
Тернера в целом уважали за его работу в качестве министра кабинета министров в 1960-х и 1970-х годах при премьер-министрах Лестере Пирсоне и Пьере Трюдо . Коллега Уолтер Гордон писал, что Тернер был исключительно лояльным и уважительным, когда имел дело с высокопоставленными министрами в 1960-х годах.
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